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Ethereum creator 
Vitalik Buterin is pushing for a rethink of Ethereum’s Layer 2 narrative, arguing in an post that the original “rollups as branded shards” vision no longer fits today’s realities. As the L1 is scaling and L2 decentralization is advancing more slowly than hoped, Buterin said it’s time to redefine what L2s are actually for.
What's the Scoop?
- A Sober Analysis: The original rollup-centric roadmap framed L2s as Ethereum-backed shards offering trustless blockspace. In a new tweet, Buterin argued that this model no longer holds, as many L2s are unable or unwilling to meet the trust guarantees that true shards would require.
- L2s as a Spectrum: Rather than binary “Ethereum or not” shards, L2s should be viewed along a continuum according to Buterin — ranging from fully Ethereum-secured networks to chains with looser trust assumptions optimized for specific use cases.
- Differentiate or Die: Buterin urged L2s to compete on added value, not scaling alone. His suggested paths included privacy-focused VMs, ultra-low latency sequencing, non-financial apps like social or AI, app-specific execution environments, or extreme throughput beyond what even a next-gen L1 can support.
- Protocol Shift: On Ethereum’s side, Buterin highlighted momentum behind a native rollup precompile for verifying zkEVM proofs. This could enable security-council-free rollups, stronger interoperability, and synchronous composability across chains.
Bankless Take:
These comments mark a subtle but important evolution in Ethereum’s roadmap. L2s are no longer being positioned as mandatory extensions of L1, but as optional, differentiated environments with explicit tradeoffs.
That’s a healthy shift. Ethereum L1 scaling buys the ecosystem breathing room and forces L2s to earn their place by building something genuinely new. The winners won’t be the ones shouting “Ethereum alignment” the loudest, but the ones offering clear guarantees and compelling specializations.
There have recently been some discussions on the ongoing role of L2s in the Ethereum ecosystem, especially in the face of two facts:
— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) February 3, 2026
* L2s' progress to stage 2 (and, secondarily, on interop) has been far slower and more difficult than originally expected
* L1 itself is scaling,…
